DYNAMICSADVANCED

Lyapunov / Equilibrium

An energy-like function proves a system settles down — and bounds how fast.

equilibriumenergy ↓ always
energy falls → system settles · recreated schematic

How it works

  • Invent an 'energy' that always falls along the system's path.
  • Falling energy traps the system: it must settle.
  • Steepness bounds the waiting time to rest.
Use → Stability checks for cities, markets, queues.
Watch out → Assuming every system has one — some never settle, and that is the finding.
Try it → Track total queue length as energy in any flow you manage.
REDCAPE jobs → Reason
Free sources → Coursera M7 (Lyapunov Functions)